In the LLZ−1F, this sector is covered by a specifically formed antenna pattern, and, in the LLZ−2F system, it is covered by an additional Clearance signal. ICAO Annex10 (4th Ed., April 85, section 3.1.3.7.3).ĭDM greater than or equal to18 % shows a sector of ☑0°and DDM greater than or equal to15.5 % characterizes a sector of ☑0° to ☓5° where correct LLZ information is still obtained. 105 m for the half sector calculated for DDM=15.5 %. The DDM has a linear characteristic within these points and an elevation of 0.00145 DDM per meter. DDM 15.5 % occurs at the course sector selected such that the boundary at the level of the runway threshold is about 105 m to the left and right of the runway with respect to the centre line, which points are known as WIDTH points. DDM greater than or equal to 18 % (0.18)ĭDM 0 occurs when the approach direction corresponds exactly to the runway centre line.Difference in Depth of Modulation (DDM) = 0.The characteristic values for LLZ within certain sectors, and in relation to the runway centre line, are as follows: 31 km) for a sector of ☓5° relative to the course line and the Localizer−antenna. 46 km) for a sector of ☑0°, and it is obtainable up to a distance greater than or equal to 17 nautical miles (approx. The localizer signal is obtainable up to a distance of up to 25 nautical miles (approx. This signal identifies the "course plane" and is produced by a transmitter and antenna system, which can be a 2F system with 25 W transmitter power or a 1F system with 30 W transmitter power. The Localizer generates an RF−signal in the frequency range of 108 to 112 MHz, which is modulated in amplitude with 90 and 150 Hz.
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